磁盘格式化
--查看当前磁盘信息[root@24centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x0002f5a8 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux/dev/sda2 411648 4605951 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3 4605952 62914559 29154304 83 Linux磁盘 /dev/sdb：10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节，20971520 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x6bca4892 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 2048 4098047 2048000 83 Linux/dev/sdb2 4098048 20971519 8436736 5 Extended
- mke2fs格式化工具
-t 指定文件系统格式 ext3、ext4、xfs-b 指定块大小，最小4KB，在存放视频、音乐等大文件时建议使用-b 8192较大的块-m 设置格式化时预留空间[root@24centos7-01 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)文件系统标签=OS type: Linux块大小=2048 (log=1)分块大小=2048 (log=1)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks128016 inodes, 1024000 blocks51200 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user第一个数据块=0Maximum filesystem blocks=26948403263 block groups16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group2032 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816Allocating group tables: 完成 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
- mkfs格式化工具
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
--mkfs.ext4[root@24centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)文件系统标签=OS type: Linux块大小=4096 (log=2)分块大小=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks128000 inodes, 512000 blocks25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user第一个数据块=0Maximum filesystem blocks=52428800016 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8000 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Allocating group tables: 完成 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成--mkfs.ext3[root@24centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)文件系统标签=OS type: Linux块大小=4096 (log=2)分块大小=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks128000 inodes, 512000 blocks25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user第一个数据块=0Maximum filesystem blocks=52428800016 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8000 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Allocating group tables: 完成 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成--mkfs.xfs[root@24centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1mkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (ext3).mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.[root@24centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=128000 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=512000, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
blkid查看某个分区信息
[root@24centos7-01 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1/dev/sdb1: UUID="55f4385d-66fb-496c-a5d4-1232a51d3f15" TYPE="xfs"
磁盘挂载
--命令行挂载，将/dev/sdb5挂载到/opt目录[root@24centos7-01 /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /opt //挂载[root@24centos7-01 /]# mountsysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=494372k,nr_inodes=123593,mode=755)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)/dev/sdb5 on /opt type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) //挂载成功--编辑配置文件自动挂/etc/fstabvim /etc/fstab将UUID=92eaeae4-6e1b-4a15-857f-81e3a070f4b2 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0一行添加至配置文件中保存[root@24centos7-01 /]# mount -a //重新加载[root@24centos7-01 /]# mountsysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=494372k,nr_inodes=123593,mode=755)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)/dev/sdb5 on /opt type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) //挂载成功
手动增加swap空间
[root@24centos7-01 /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/newswap bs=1M count=100 //生成newswap文件记录了100+0 的读入记录了100+0 的写出104857600字节(105 MB)已复制，1.59985 秒，65.5 MB/秒[root@24centos7-01 /]# mkswap -f /tmp/newswap //格式化正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 102396 KiB无标签，UUID=ac28ad67-357e-437f-810d-1f9a5d6f89bd[root@24centos7-01 /]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 984 112 639 6 233 709Swap: 2047 0 2047[root@24centos7-01 /]# swapon /tmp/newswap //挂载swapon: /tmp/newswap：不安全的权限 0644，建议使用 0600。[root@24centos7-01 /]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 984 112 639 6 233 709Swap: 2147 0 2147[root@24centos7-01 /]# chmod 600 /tmp/newswap //更改权限[root@24centos7-01 /]# swapoff /tmp/newswap //卸载[root@24centos7-01 /]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 984 112 639 6 233 709Swap: 2047 0 2047